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Key Point of Harappa Civilization

Here are some key points about the Harappa Civilization:

1. The Harappa Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations, flourishing from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.

2. The civilization was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, primarily in present-day Pakistan.

3. The Harappa Civilization was characterized by well-planned cities with complex drainage systems, public and private baths, granaries, and public buildings.

4. The civilization had a sophisticated writing system consisting of around 400 characters that are yet to be deciphered.

5. Harappa people were skilled in metallurgy, pottery, and bead-making. They traded with other cultures for raw materials like copper, tin, and semi-precious stones.

6. Agriculture was the mainstay of the economy, with crops such as wheat, barley, and cotton being grown. They also raised livestock like cattle, sheep, and goats.

7. The society was divided into social classes, and the ruling class may have been controlled by a priestly elite.

8. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to climate change, overuse of natural resources, or invasion by nomadic tribes.

9. The Harappa Civilization is believed to have been a relatively peaceful society, with few weapons or depictions of warfare found in archaeological sites.

10. The civilization had a complex system of weights and measures, with uniformity observed across different regions and time periods.

11. The Harappa people had a well-developed system of trade and commerce, with evidence of long-distance trade with the Mesopotamian and Persian civilizations.

12. Religion played an important role in Harappa society, with evidence of temple complexes and ritual bathing areas found at many sites.

13. The Harappa Civilization is known for its distinctive artwork, including intricate stone carvings, bronze sculptures, and pottery with unique shapes and designs.

14. The people of the Harappa Civilization may have practiced ancestor worship and believed in an afterlife, based on the discovery of burial sites and funerary objects.

15. The Harappa Civilization is considered one of the three early cradles of civilization, alongside Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Its legacy can still be seen in modern South Asian culture, particularly in the religions and languages of the region.

16. The Harappa Civilization was rediscovered in the 1920s by British archaeologist Sir John Marshall, who conducted extensive excavations of the ruins at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

17. The civilization had a centralized system of governance, with evidence of a standardized system of weights and measures, town planning, and a system of uniform architecture across different regions.

18. The Harappa Civilization is believed to have been a multilingual society, with evidence of several different scripts and languages used across different regions.

19. The Harappa Civilization’s decline has been attributed to a number of factors, including climate change, environmental degradation, and the breakdown of the Indus River system.

20. The Harappa Civilization’s legacy continues to inspire cultural and artistic expressions in modern India and Pakistan, with many contemporary artists and scholars drawing upon the civilization’s rich history and unique aesthetic.

21. The Harappa Civilization is believed to have been a largely egalitarian society, with relatively little evidence of social hierarchy or ruling elite.

22. The civilization had a complex system of water management, with sophisticated drainage systems, wells, and reservoirs used to support the urban population.

23. The Harappa Civilization had a rich tradition of trade and commerce, with evidence of long-distance trade with other civilizations and an extensive network of local and regional markets.

24. The civilization had a diverse range of artistic expressions, including pottery, sculpture, jewelry, and textiles, many of which featured intricate designs and patterns.

25. The Harappa Civilization is often celebrated for its remarkable achievements in urban planning, architecture, and engineering, which have influenced subsequent civilizations in the Indian subcontinent and beyond.

26. While much remains unknown about the Harappa Civilization, ongoing research and archaeological excavations continue to shed new light on this fascinating early civilization and its enduring legacy.